Virtual team - Organizational Behaviour free essay sample

A virtual group is a group whose individuals work across space, time and authoritative limits, and are connected through data advancements to accomplish hierarchical assignments. [1] With an ever increasing number of partnerships having their business tasks going worldwide and being empowered by the progression of innovation, virtual group turns into a developing new-age pattern. [2] Virtual groups offer a few preferences and inconveniences to associations that require investigation. [3] Advantages of Virtual Teams - Cost reserve funds One of the focal points an association would appreciate through making virtual group is cost sparing. The association will have the option to wipe out expenses partner to office spaces, utilities, executives’ ventures, co-areas of worldwide groups. [4] - Improved profitability and client assistance With the individuals from the virtual group spreading over the time regions, there could be individuals taking a shot at a similar undertaking or serving clients on a 24*7 premise. The undertaking or the administration continues running without being hindered when any colleague should be off work for rest. We will compose a custom paper test on Virtual group Organizational Behavior or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This abbreviates the item advancement time just as empowers the firm to react all the more rapidly to the requests of clients in both worldwide and nearby markets. [5] - Access to already inaccessible mastery and abilities Virtual Teams permits associations to search for aptitude past their land areas of activity. This unites the specialists and masters from over the globe to cooperate on the venture. It additionally makes the open door for association to employ gifts who are less versatile and reluctant to move due to either family necessity or physical test. [6] - Knowledge sharing and move: Virtual groups speak to a characteristic piece of the authoritative learning process since representatives are urged to share and use information where geology restrains more straightforward types of joint effort. Expanded information sharing and more noteworthy development occur as organization’s human capital offer their comprehension of worldwide and neighborhood showcases just as best strategic policies. [7] Online gatherings, remote PC get to, remote innovation, and conferencing frameworks offer a route for members to join an intricate conversation from anyplace on the planet. This advantage can empower most organizations to contend on a worldwide scale. [8] Disadvantages of Virtual Teams - Conflicts and joint effort gives Very likely, individuals from the virtual group originate from various societies, particularly in huge associations. The social contrasts among virtual colleagues may make misjudging or even clashes. On the off chance that the absence of mindfulness towards culture contrasts goes on, the readiness among colleagues to work together with one another will be decreased. This could prompt doubt and challenges in cooperation which, be that as it may, is crucial for the achievement of virtual group working. [9] - Communication lack: Another hindrance virtual group may experience the ill effects of is the loss of productivity in correspondence because of limitations in virtual correspondence mediums. Individuals impart better through vis-à-vis associations fundamentally in light of the fact that it would empower them to peruse the sub-setting through the non-verbal language, for example, outward appearance, tones and body moves. Restricted by the intrinsic idea of virtual cooperation, groups will unavoidably confront difficulties that the suppositions and judgment could be inaccurate when messages are not spread out plainly. [10] - Leadership and the executives challenges: Poor administration can bring about the disappointment of any group, regardless of whether virtual or not; nonetheless, it turns into a substantially more conspicuous issue in virtual groups. As individuals from the virtual group can be based out of all over and across various time regions, the chief of group may confront gigantic difficulties so as to give adequate degree of management towards group execution and offer suitable help and advising counsel to singular colleague when required. [11] - Social Isolation Many individuals from virtual groups are unfavorably influenced by the absence of physical cooperations as the majority of the correspondences in virtual condition is task-situated. Absence of social cooperation with partners who all the time become companions gives individuals who work in virtual group a not all that great sentiment of social seclusion. This thusly counter-impacts profitability just as prompts pressure. [12] Factors for Virtual Team to be fruitful: Eye to eye meeting from the get-go in the group improvement process It assists with group building and furthermore adds to shape the group trust through making open door for individuals to become more acquainted with one another [13] - Sufficient structures: Shared operational target, work forms, plainly characterized jobs and duties A group is bound to be viable with shared objectives as it empowers more prominent joint effort, correspondence, and a more prominent level of solidarity. Common objectives likewise make a culture of responsibility, which urge groups to take an open position and inspire each other to satisfy their guarantees. [14] Clear definition for each group member’s jobs and obligations are additionally significant. Each colleague knows precisely what he/she is relied upon to perform. It will, generally, maintain a strategic distance from the circumstance that a few people are very occupied in the group while some others are inert, which may in the end result in whines, doubt and struggle - Good correspondence innovation abilities, solid self-authority aptitudes to propel and direct each group member’s conduct without companions or supervisors close by [15] - High enthusiastic knowledge Individuals can translate the sentiment of others from email and other restricted correspondence media, ready to detect and recognize the early dangers partner with culture/foundation contrast [16] - Efficient correspondence instrument and the opportunity to pick the best correspondence channels [17] - Culture for participation, trust and regard [18] - Effective group initiative - Clear rules for estimating both individual member’s execution and group achievement 2. Portray the sorts of practices that individual colleagues can take part in that decidedly sway in general group viability. (10 imprints) There are sure practices that would emphatically affect the group adequacy: - Demonstrate proprietorship attitude Instead of just taking assignments and finishing them without an idea regarding how singular endeavors sway the achievement of the business, virtual colleagues, when have possession mindsets, energetically give the additional exertion and pick take a stab at greater and better outcomes [19] - Highly persuaded to group exercises [20] - Self-Disciplined and confidence If each person of the virtual group strolls the discussion and never neglects to meet any responsibility, individuals at that point realize they can depend on one another over the span of seeking after group achievement [21] - Ability to lenient uncertainty Virtual group definitely faces vagueness the same number of different sorts of groups do. High resistance of equivocalness permits individuals to retain a lot of problematic change while indicating a low degree of useless conduct which may fundamentally degrade individual or group from quality and efficiency [22] - Openly impart yet in the interim keep up regards to individual and social contrast Expressing thoughts in a direct however deferential manner and rewarding others with thought and politeness will altogether lessen the contentions in the group and help make a solid workplace - Offer help to other people Offering help through contribution positive criticisms, and causes when required adds to a sound group condition and improves the group effectiveness 3. Depict the sorts of practices that individual colleagues can participate in that adversely sway by and large group viability. (10 imprints) There are additionally practices antagonistically sway group viability: - Avoid responsibility When colleagues aren’t responsible for their own activities, they hurt their own exhibition. What's more, when they duck duty regarding getting out other colleagues for their practices, the exhibition of the entire group endures [23] - Focus on close to home plan instead of group targets The mutual goal among colleagues assists with making a cooperative energy impact inside the groups. An individual however can achieve much by acting alone, yet a gathering of individuals acting together in a brought together power can achieve more. In the event that individuals center more around their own plans, cooperative energy then does not exist anymore. The upper hand got through collaboration disappears [24] - Not predictable among words and deeds Over and over neglect to convey on guarantees and duties in the long run lead to doubt among individuals in a virtual group. A group without individuals confiding in one another fates to disappointment. - Stingy to share significant data - Passive-Aggressive Behaviors, for example, concocting ceaseless reasons for absence of finish or horrible showing, or being lethargic or non-open to keep away from distress or strife will unavoidably prompt strain, consumption of vitality and struggle in the virtual group and henceforth bring about lack of the cooperation [25] 4. Framework how you expect to move toward cooperation in your gathering venture, clarifying how your arrangements for interest will probably affect your task group. Incorporate an examination of your outcomes from the Group/Team Skills action you finished from the Module 6 perusing. (10 imprints) To take part in my gathering venture, I will: - Actively take an interest to assemble conversation - Make endeavors in group coordination - Seek first to see, at that point to be comprehended (7 Habits of Highly Effective People, Steven Covey) - Provide useful inputs to other colleagues and then be available to others’ remarks - Do precisely what I focus on - Offer serves to others when required I would an

Effective Communication Challenges and Ways

Question: Examine about the Effective Communication for Challenges and Ways. Answer: Presentation: Correspondence is the spirit of any association. Truth be told, it is the living resembling oxygen for people. It is a fundamental connection which interfaces with all the partners. The data and correspondence innovation (ICT) has constrained the business firms to audit, rethink the methodologies from manageability advancement perspective. It is seriously required to perform different capacities and oversee day by day exercises adequately. Publicizing, promoting, customer cooperations, item and procedure updates, deals and dissemination and so forth are conceivable through the skilful use of correspondence cycle. It is similarly significant not exclusively to fabricate client connections yet to fortify them on long haul premise. Compelling correspondence encourages the organizations to keep refreshed and up-reviewed as far as market patterns and elements (Smith, 2005a). It is progressively noticeable and noteworthy to comprehend the consumer loyalty. Routine Requests: Jessicas email is the best guide to investigate the correspondence procedure from perusers perspective. There are barely any regions of progress distinguished for Jessica seeing her email test. It doesnt pass on the idea of solicitation by any stretch of the imagination. Furthermore, she could have thought before composing an email as far as reason, the layout, group, approach (inductive or deductive), recognition and so forth. It is positively conceivable to reframe the long sentences and make them short and important. Here, two things should be engaged as a piece of solicitation. They are specialized help and how-to-arrive at bearings (Smith, 2005b). Reason based, clear, significant message authored with legitimate grouping would have left enduring effect by Jessica. Procedure of Planning Preparing the Messages: As a sender of the message, one should be extremely cautious and wary while setting up the message to speak with others. There are scarcely any variables which must be dealt with. They are reason, medium, channel. Likewise, realizing the crowd is just the need. Their degree of comprehension, age factor, instructive, financial foundation, readiness are key factors regarding outside correspondence while inner correspondence has mentality, temperament, region of enthusiasm, featuring the concerned territories, moderate tone are fundamental. Corporate world can't be envisioned without following the set of accepted rules. Truth be told, it is the blood of business people. Authoritative and business esteems like respectability underline the ramifications of moral correspondence (Conrad, Poole 2005). Consistence and other applicable exercises are lined up with moral correspondence. It is worth to see how the procedure of correspondence functions in the business condition, at the working environment. Both the representatives and clients are the important resources. It is imperative to deal with them with care. The item producers, specialist co-ops own the duty to give required data. The staff must be prepared on creating successful and important messages to focus on the clients (Shein, 2010b). The components like Sender, Receiver, Encoding/Decoding, Feedback, plausibility of Noise must be considered. It is basic to create perusers perspective for better outcomes and positive reactions. An Interoffice Memorandum to Deliver Bad News Message: Now and then, associations experience the battling stage. Various elements influence the business. In the event that the techniques dont work adequately, the total business endures. Thus, some hard choices are taken by thought pioneers (Charteris-Black, 2007). To say goodbye to a could be one of them. It is an awful news. Be that as it may, the sender needs to manage correspondence with the assistance of passionate knowledge being touchy issue. To convey the message of terrible news to the clients is a difficult assignment. The sender can take help of compassion, sympathy, empathy by conceding their sentiments. It is seriously required to relax the blow and limit the power. The relational abilities will help you a great deal in such circumstances. Legitimacy, realness will truly matter. I would like to impart such awful news to my companions and family members who are working in the field of programming improvement and testing. This is on the grounds that I will make them mindful about the current conditions. It will positively assist them with preparing intellectually. Truth be told, it is the way debacles can be overseen. Our systems administration and relational aptitudes will assist with securing the positions accessible in the market. One can figure out how to defeat such difficulties in our existence with least misfortunes. Setting Based Communication: Correspondence might be inside, outer; formal, casual; specialized; intrapersonal, relational; upward, descending, etc. The broadly utilized structures are verbal, non-verbal and composed correspondence. Conferences, up close and personal discussions, telephonic talks, video-conferencing and live associations with individuals are considered as a piece of verbal correspondence. The extent of non-verbal correspondence is enormous with regards to manage individuals on coordinated premise. It is exceptionally imperative to build up a solid system with all the partners (Shein, 2010a). Non-verbal correspondence makes you the best communicator so as to impact individuals in support of you to the extraordinary degree. One can consider individuals acknowledgment in such manner. For instance, deals introduction or prospective employee meetings are the best chances to persuade individuals through compelling non-verbal communication indicating certainty. and so forth. The best channel of Communication: Electronic mail is probably the best channel of correspondence. Long range informal communication destinations are utilized for special and marking exercises, propelling of new items, mindfulness programs and so forth. To oversee different occasions a coordinated methodology is appropriate with various channels of correspondence. It ought to be noticed that the procedure of correspondence has different perspectives engaged with it. Hello there end innovation has made new stages to impart viably. The new and developing markets have changed the methods of doing organizations. The computerized and specialized correspondence is favored nowadays. This is on the grounds that it is quicker, moderate and broadly open as well (Miller, 2006). There are dubious perspectives on the utilization of specialized correspondence. A few specialists are of the conclusion that messages have confined the vis-à-vis collaborations in at the working environment. This is consistent with certain degree. In any case, it ought to be noticed that time is the limitation here. How to Avoid Pet Peeves? Long, dubious and general proclamations lead the recipient to the mess. The perusers free the intrigue when over-burden or deficient data is sent, mutual. These sit around time, vitality and cash of ventures with either less or no results by the day's end. Here, firms lose the brilliant chance to interface with the potential clients regardless of changing over objective potential clients as steadfast clients. It is aggravating for Sam to peruse sorry to trouble you as pet irritating action (Ince Gull, 2011). As such, in the event that you truly make the life of individuals happy with, taking care of their issues, issues than you need not to ask for benevolence. Such comments of annoyances can be supplanted with I need, I would acknowledge whether you could.., Would you like to.etc. They will be surely positive and keep up unbiased tone with no disturbance for the perusers like Sam. Composed correspondence has its own place in various business foundations. Most importantly, it is treated as an authoritative document of business correspondences to keep up the records. Straightforwardness, precision, polished skill and substantial wellspring of data make composed correspondence exceptional and noteworthy. It comprises of messages, sees, fliers, reminders, proposition, applications, orders, contracts, handouts, formats, manuals. End: Correspondence is utilized as an instrument for coordination of numerous units, items and administrations, forms, divisions, workplaces and so forth. It guarantees the smooth progression of working to do appointed undertakings the manner in which we need. In hierarchical turn of events, correspondence empowers the administration to accomplish the objectives inside the specified time period. One hand, it assists with understanding the desires from representatives or clients as criticism which is important for business greatness. Then again, it is conceivable to set clear and right desires from others as well. In the two different ways, it is a success win circumstance. Maslows Needs of Hierarchy will assist with understanding the various needs of individuals in workplaces, markets and so on. To put it plainly, viable correspondence is the aggregate of direction, setting, need, knowing crowd and morals. References: Charteris-Black, J. (2007). The Communication of Leadership. The Design of Leadership Style. London and NY: Routledge. Christensen, L.T., Cornelissen, J. (2011). Spanning Corporate and Organizational Communication: Review, Development, and the Look to the Future. The executives Communication Quarterly, 25, 3, 383-414. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318910390194 Conrad, Ch., Poole, M.S. (2005). Key Organizational Communication in a Global Economy. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Eshraghi, H., Salehi, L. (2010). The Effect of Organizational Communications System on Interpersonal Conflict in Physical Education Offices of Isfahan Province, Iran. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 66, 683-688. Harris, T.E., Nelson, M.D. (2008). Applied Organizational Communication. NY, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Ince, M., Gull, H. (2011). The Role of the Organizational Communication on Employees Perception of Justice: a Sample of Public Institution from Turkey. European Journal of Social Sciences, 21, 1, 106-124. Mill operator, K. (2006). Authoritative Communication: Approaches and Process. Australia, Brazil: Thomson Wadsworth. Dad, M.J., Daniels, T.D., Spiker, B.K. (2008). Hierarchical Communication. Viewpoints and Trends. Los Angeles, London

Instruction of The Glass Menagerie(it depends on the wirtter) Essay

Guidance of The Glass Menagerie(it relies upon the wirtter) - Essay Example The present talk thusly expects to introduce an expository investigation of the play, through clarifying the topic, the images, just as the primary characters. There could be more than one subject in the play, as apparent from the subjects of conversation by the characters. For one, there is a topic on misleading and lies. Both Laura and Tom concealed some inward insider facts from their mom, Amanda, as far as past, current, and future exercises. For example, it was simply following a month and a half subsequent to dropping from Laura’s composing class, that Amanda found the episode. Accordingly, Laura meticulously beguiled her mom into evidently going to every day classes; when actually, she revealed that she went to the workmanship exhibition hall, to the zoo, or stroll around the recreation center (Williams). Likewise, Tom has in every case left after supper, as far as anyone knows to go to motion pictures each night. In truth, he had plans to go as a sailor and utilized the cash reserved for installment of electric bills to take care of for participation obligations for joining The Union Merchant Seamen association. Likewise, another topic in the play was the inclination of detainment and the obvious need to get away. This subject was exemplified as far as the physical capture felt by Tom for being depended upon to help both Amanda and Laura. In that capacity, through creation a reason each night as survey the motion pictures as a ways to get out, Tom really wanted to in the long run leave to seek after a similar course that their dad took. Simultaneously, from the perspective of Laura, there is likewise a tenacious sentiment of imprisonment because of her physical ailment. All things considered, her outlet was communicated through the glass zoological garden, the glass animals’ assortment that appear to be the ideal embodiment of her being: delicate, ensnared, segregated, fragile, and separated. The undeniable image is the glass zoological garden. It represented the characteristics that were previously mentioned: delicate, captured, disengaged, fragile, and separated. Attributes that were

Tips For Writing Articles - Learn Basic Things About Writing An Article

Tips For Writing Articles - Learn Basic Things About Writing An ArticleWhile you are researching help with writing articles, you may come across a number of basic advice that you have been taught by others. These include such tips as never write an article without first taking notes on the topic at hand, do not speak in first person, etc. Even if you have been taught these basic things in the past, you probably will not be able to use them in your own articles. This is because those taught as advice does not apply to every situation.For example, a person who has never written an article before will not be able to write an article on how to avoid a common pitfall in articles, which is to talk about something that has already been covered in other articles. So this advice will only apply to someone who has already written an article on this topic. If you are writing your first article, on the other hand, you would be wise to read up on this topic.A writer who has not written an article before also cannot use the advice in regards to how to write an article without sounding like a complete imbecile. So you can safely ignore this advice. Anyone who has written articles will tell you that a good piece of advice is to think carefully before posting it. This is a very important aspect in writing articles as a writer as you want to keep in mind that what you say on your article may not be well received.There are many readers out there who are hungry for information and want to read your article. Therefore, you need to use your best judgment when putting together your article and make sure that you do not offend anyone. Even though it might be hard, you will have to turn down hundreds of potential readers just to please one or two people.However, when you do come across advice in regard to how to write an article that you are inclined to use, make sure that you do not just blindly accept it as fact. In the long run, this will do more harm than good to your articles.The only way to truly learn how to write articles properly is to take some online courses and study them. There are a number of free courses available on the Internet, and some even charge nominal fees.However, be warned that some basic things that are not taught in these free online courses will eventually show up in your articles. Therefore, you need to be prepared and you should not ignore such advice. There are many ways to learn the basics of writing, and you should definitely consider using any of them when you are learning how to write articles.

Traditional Russian Games You Can Play

Man 4102 Class Project Part 1 - 2300 Words

MAN 4102 CLASS PROJECT PART 1 Karen McCarthy Hawn Student, State College of Florida MAN 4102 Class Project Part 1 Per the digital document from Contemporary Authors (Biography), by Thomson Gale, (2004) Gerard Hendrik Hofstede was born October 2, 1928. He is the son of Gerrit and Evertine Hofstede. He married Maaike A. Van den Hoek on the 4th of June, 1955 and had four children. He graduated from Delft Institute of Technology in 1953 and Groningen University, Ph D (cum laude) in 1967. His work history began in 1953 as a lieutent in the Netherlands Army. In 1955 and 1965 included management consultant for Bernschot Consultants and Stork Machine Works, plant manager for Jovanda Hosiery Co., production†¦show more content†¦The IBM study of employees from the 70 countries was the basis for the dimensions and has been critized since there was only one company in the data set however, Hofstede’s belief was that using just one company would better reveal the national differences. According to the authors Phatak, Bhagat, and Kashalk (2009), he believed this because the IBM employees were the same in other respects like type of work, job descriptions, and education. This study has been stated to be the most comprehensive study of how values are influenced in the workplace (Itim International, 2012). Itim International, (2012) noted that Hofstede’s work established a paradigm in international economics, communication, and cooperation, from which Hofstede developed the first emphirical model of â€Å"dimensions† for national organizational culutre. The first dimension is Individualism and Collectivism. These are social patterns under which beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values are then organized into one theme. Some countries practice individualism and the members of society are motiviated by their own needs and preferences above the needs of the group. In contrast, countries that practice collectivism are much more closely linked as a group and are motivated by the obligations that are considered norms for the group. Hofstede felt that countries with higher higher per capita

Clinical Quality Indicators in Pain Management

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Quality Indicators in Pain Management. Answer: Introduction The report brings into highlight the topic of post-operative pain assessment and management. Pain is a common part of almost all surgical procedures. The pain may be acute which subsides after sometime or it may be chronic which persist for long time. If this pain is not managed accurately, it may lead to adverse physical and psychological outcome both for patient as well as family members. This report provides information about three current-evidence on the topic and gives an analysis of the situation. It will also describe the challenges that one can face in implementing research finding into research practice setting and recommend solutions to the gap found in research or practice. Evidence for current practice on post-operative pain assessment and management Magidy et al., (2015) studied about the experience of post-operative pain management among hospitalized patients in Swedish health care. The health clinic engaged patient in the process and took feedback from patients regarding the quality of pain management. It mainly compared the experience of acutely and electively admitted patients who had soft-tissue surgery. A multi-dimensional tool called Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in pain management (SCQIP) was used to assess patients experience and this feedback was taken before discharge from hospital. The questionnaire consisted of four aspects such as patients perspective about pre-operative knowledge of pain, level of post-operative care and treatment for post-operative pain in the hospital, patient involvement in care and equipments and facilities given for relief. Among 160 participants consisting of acutely admitted and electively admitted patients, who gave rating for quality of pain management, it was found that poor rating was given for pain management compared to electively admitted patients. There is a need to enhance post-operative care so that no patient experience poor post-operative care. Current evidence on post-operative pain management and treatment suggest that suboptimal outcome will persist as long as health clinic do not take guidance from best scientific research. Bott et al (2014) explained that incorporation of algorithm derived from best evidenced based practice may help in improving the quality of pain assessment. The study mainly focused on creating an algorithm for patients with total hip replacement surgery. In association with experienced physicians, the focus of the group was to develop an algorithm that supports pain management decisions. It was also necessary to identify barriers and enablers in implementation algorithm. The first step was to identify the issues in pain management such as practice of prescribing analgesics and creating an analgesic guideline specific to total knee replacement patients. Prevalence and intensity of pain was judged by interview with patients. A pharmacological pain treatment survey was also done to determine the types of analgesics given prior to hospitalization, intra-operatively and 24 hour prior to interview. This helped in identifying the need to change current practices and develop accurate guideline according to intensity of pain and their impact on daily living. One study provided details on nurses experience of post-operative pain assessment and how it influenced their pain management decisions. The common barrier that interferes with high quality of pain-management in nursing practice includes shortage of staff, high workloads and lack of skills in pain assessment. It was found that quality of pain assessment depends a lot on competence of nurses. However, poor outcome was mainly seen because of variation in pain assessment skills and lack of interpretation of pain in patients. It is also important to assess pain score and reassess pain after administration of medications. However, many nurses do not reassess patients leading to poor pain management. Hence, nurses ability to assess pain varied and this affected the accuracy of the process. It is necessary to enhance their skill and prevent delay in pain by keeping novice nurse under the supervision of competent nurse (Chatchumni et al., 2016). Situational analysis on practices of pain management The evidence from current literature revealed that inaccuracy in pain management and assessment continue to exist despite several tools and support available to enhance post-operative care. Common form of barrier include lack of competence skill among nurses to manage pain, absence of appropriate framework or guideline to implement pain assessment process and difference in care given to acutely and selectively admitted patients. It is critical to address the gap in implementing best-evidence based care in pain management and assessment. If overlooked, this situation may lead to hazardous health complications like delayed healing, pneumonia, persistence of chronic pain, infection, pneumonia and other health issues. Current progress on quality of pain assessment suggests it is extremely important that accurate pain management practice is implemented in hospital setting (Hudson et al., 2015). Challenges in implementing pain management practices From situational analysis on the topic, it can be said that challenges in implementing pain management practices occur mainly because of lack of competence among nurses, lack of adherence to pain management guidelines, inefficient communication skill to interpret patients pain. Apart from this type of assessment differ according to age of patients. There may be difference in the pain management of infants and adults and so gap in knowledge in this area lead to poor outcome (Kuusniemi Pyhi, 2016). Hence increased responsiveness is needed to address the gap in practice and embrace recent advances in pharmacology to enhance post-operative care. Solution to reduce research-practice gap The health care system can play a role in developing strategies to enhance post-operative pain management. They main priorities may be as follows: It is extremely important to involve patients in decisions making and educate them about pain management as many complication occurs by negligence of patients too. Secondly, it is necessary to inform patients about range of treatment and their possible outcome. Good communication of nurse or physician with patients is also important as evidence revealed that many nurse fail to interpret patients pain level which lead to poor outcome. Arrangement should be made for better professional training and increasing competence in multi-disciplinary pain management team. Optimization of treatment procedure is also essential. For example using synergistic antibiotic to target pain at different levels, adoption of patient-specific analgesia and promoting minimally invasive surgery as far as possible (Meissner et al., 2015). Restructure the organization may also help to enhance pain management by implementing best guidelines for practice, making pain services available throughout the day, imposing adherence to protocol among medical team and following recent technological advance to provide care (Joshi et al., 2014). Reference Botti, M., Kent, B., Bucknall, T., Duke, M., Johnstone, M. J., Considine, J., ... Cohen, E. (2014). Development of a Management Algorithm for Post-operative Pain (MAPP) after total knee and total hip replacement: study rationale and design.Implementation Science,9(1), 1. Chatchumni, M., Namvongprom, A., Eriksson, H., Mazaheri, M., Avdelningen Vrd och Omvrdnad, Rda Korsets Hgskola. (2016). Thai nurses experiences of post-operative pain assessment and its influence on pain management decisions.BMC Nursing,15doi:10.1186/s12912-016-0136-8 Hudson, B. F., Ogden, J., Whiteley, M. S. (2015). Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on pain and anxiety experienced during conscious surgery.European Journal of Pain,19(10), 1447-1455. Joshi, G. P., Schug, S. A., Kehlet, H. (2014). Procedure-specific pain management and outcome strategies.Best Practice Research Clinical Anaesthesiology,28(2), 191-201. Kuusniemi, K., Pyhi, R. (2016). Present-day challenges and future solutions in postoperative pain management: results from PainForum 2014.Journal of pain research,9, 25. Magidy, M., Warrn-Stomberg, M., Bjers, K., Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gteborgs universitet, . . . Institute of Health and Care Sciences. (2015). Assessment of post-operative pain management among acutely and electively admitted patients - a swedish ward perspective.Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice,Epub ahead of print Meissner, W., Coluzzi, F., Fletcher, D., Huygen, F., Morlion, B., Neugebauer, E., ... Pergolizzi, J. (2015). Improving the management of post-operative acute pain: priorities for change.Current Medical Research and Opinion,31(11), 2131-2143.